CLI11/include/CLI/Option.hpp

#pragma once

// Distributed under the LGPL v2.1 license.  See accompanying
// file LICENSE or https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11 for details.

#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <set>

#include "CLI/Error.hpp"
#include "CLI/StringTools.hpp"
#include "CLI/Split.hpp"

namespace CLI {

typedef std::vector<std::string> results_t;
typedef std::function<bool(results_t)> callback_t;

class Option;
class App;

typedef std::unique_ptr<Option> Option_p;


class Option {
    friend App;
protected:
    /// @name Names
    ///@{

    /// A list of the short names (`-a`) without the leading dashes
    std::vector<std::string> snames_;

    /// A list of the long names (`--a`) without the leading dashes
    std::vector<std::string> lnames_;

    /// A positional name
    std::string pname_;

    /// If given, check the environment for this option
    std::string envname_;

    ///@}
    /// @name Help
    ///@{
    
    /// The description for help strings
    std::string description_;

    /// A human readable default value, usually only set if default is true in creation
    std::string defaultval_;

    /// A human readable type value, set when App creates this
    std::string typeval_;

    /// The group membership
    std::string group_ {"Options"};

    /// True if this option has a default
    bool default_ {false};

    ///@}
    /// @name Configuration
    ///@{
    
    /// True if this is a required option
    bool required_ {false};

    /// The number of expected values, 0 for flag, -1 for unlimited vector
    int expected_ {1};

    /// A private setting to allow args to not be able to accept incorrect expected values
    bool changeable_ {false};
    
    /// Ignore the case when matching (option, not value)
    bool ignore_case_ {false};

    /// A list of validators to run on each value parsed
    std::vector<std::function<bool(std::string)>> validators_;

    /// A list of options that are required with this option
    std::set<Option*> requires_;

    /// A list of options that are excluded with this option
    std::set<Option*> excludes_;

    ///@}
    /// @name Other
    ///@{

    /// Remember the parent app
    App* parent_;

    /// Options store a callback to do all the work
    callback_t callback_;


    ///@}
    /// @name Parsing results
    ///@{

    /// Results of parsing
    results_t results_;

    /// Whether the callback has run (needed for INI parsing)
    bool callback_run_ {false};

    ///@}

    /// Making an option by hand is not defined, it must be made by the App class
    Option(std::string name, std::string description = "", std::function<bool(results_t)> callback=[](results_t){return true;}, bool default_=true, App* parent = nullptr) :
      description_(description), default_(default_), parent_(parent), callback_(callback) {
        std::tie(snames_, lnames_, pname_) = detail::get_names(detail::split_names(name));
    }

public:

    /// @name Basic
    ///@{

    /// Count the total number of times an option was passed
    int count() const {
        return results_.size();
    }

    
    /// This class is true if option is passed.
    operator bool() const {
        return count() > 0;
    }

    /// Clear the parsed results (mostly for testing)
    void clear() {
        results_.clear();
    }

    ///@}
    /// @name Setting options
    ///@{

    /// Set the option as required
    Option* required(bool value = true) {
        required_ = value;
        return this;
    }

    /// Support Plubmum term
    Option* mandatory(bool value = true) {
        return required(value);
    }

    /// Set the number of expected arguments (Flags bypass this)
    Option* expected(int value) {
        if(value == 0)
            throw IncorrectConstruction("Cannot set 0 expected, use a flag instead");
        else if(expected_ == 0)
            throw IncorrectConstruction("Cannot make a flag take arguments!");
        else if(!changeable_)
            throw IncorrectConstruction("You can only change the expected arguments for vectors");
        expected_ = value;
        return this;
    }

    /// Adds a validator
    Option* check(std::function<bool(std::string)> validator) {

        validators_.push_back(validator);
        return this;
    }

    /// Changes the group membership
    Option* group(std::string name) {
        group_ = name;
        return this;
    }


    /// Sets required options
    Option* requires(Option* opt) {
        auto tup = requires_.insert(opt);
        if(!tup.second)
            throw OptionAlreadyAdded(get_name() + " requires " + opt->get_name());
        return this;
    }

    /// Can find a string if needed
    template<typename T=App>
    Option* requires(std::string opt_name) {
        for(const Option_p& opt : dynamic_cast<T*>(parent_)->options_)
            if(opt.get() != this && opt->check_name(opt_name))
                return requires(opt.get());
        throw IncorrectConstruction("Option " + opt_name + " is not defined");

    }

    /// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
    template<typename A, typename B, typename... ARG>
    Option* requires(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
        requires(opt);
        return requires(opt1, args...);
    }

    /// Sets excluded options
    Option* excludes(Option* opt) {
        auto tup = excludes_.insert(opt);
        if(!tup.second)
            throw OptionAlreadyAdded(get_name() + " excludes " + opt->get_name());
        return this;
    }

    /// Can find a string if needed
    template<typename T=App>
    Option* excludes(std::string opt_name) {
        for(const Option_p& opt : dynamic_cast<T*>(parent_)->options_)
            if(opt.get() != this && opt->check_name(opt_name))
                return excludes(opt.get());
        throw IncorrectConstruction("Option " + opt_name + " is not defined");

    }
    /// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
    template<typename A, typename B, typename... ARG>
    Option* excludes(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
        excludes(opt);
        return excludes(opt1, args...);
    }

    /// Sets environment variable to read if no option given
    Option* envname(std::string name) {
        envname_ = name;
        return this;
    }

    /// Ignore case
    ///
    /// The template hides the fact that we don't have the definition of App yet.
    /// You are never expected to add an argument to the template here.
    template<typename T=App>
    Option* ignore_case(bool value = true) {
        ignore_case_ = value;
        for(const Option_p& opt : dynamic_cast<T*>(parent_)->options_)
            if(opt.get() != this && *opt == *this)
                throw OptionAlreadyAdded(opt->get_name());
        return this;
    }

    ///@}
    /// @name Accessors
    ///@{
    
    /// True if this is a required option
    bool get_required() const {
        return required_;
    }

    /// The number of arguments the option expects
    int get_expected() const {
        return expected_;
    }

    /// True if this has a default value
    int get_default() const {
        return default_;
    }

    /// True if the argument can be given directly
    bool get_positional() const {
        return pname_.length() > 0;
    }

    /// True if option has at least one non-positional name
    bool nonpositional() const {
        return (snames_.size() + lnames_.size()) > 0;
    }

    /// True if option has description
    bool has_description() const {
        return description_.length() > 0;
    }

    /// Get the group of this option
    const std::string& get_group() const {
        return group_;
    }

    /// Get the description
    const std::string& get_description() const {
        return description_;
    }

    // Just the pname
    std::string get_pname() const {
        return pname_;
    }
    
    ///@}
    /// @name Help tools
    ///@{

    /// Gets a , sep list of names. Does not include the positional name if opt_only=true.
    std::string get_name(bool opt_only=false) const {
        std::vector<std::string> name_list;
        if(!opt_only && pname_.length() > 0)
            name_list.push_back(pname_);
        for(const std::string& sname : snames_)
            name_list.push_back("-"+sname);
        for(const std::string& lname : lnames_)
            name_list.push_back("--"+lname);
        return detail::join(name_list);
    }

    /// The name and any extras needed for positionals
    std::string help_positional() const {
        std::string out = pname_;
        if(get_expected()>1)
            out = out + "(" + std::to_string(get_expected()) + "x)";
        else if(get_expected()==-1)
            out = out + "...";
        out = get_required() ? out : "["+out+"]";
        return out;
    }

    /// The first half of the help print, name plus default, etc
    std::string help_name() const {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << get_name(true) << help_aftername();
        return out.str();
    }
    
    /// pname with type info
    std::string help_pname() const {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << get_pname() << help_aftername();
        return out.str();
    }

    /// This is the part after the name is printed but before the description
    std::string help_aftername() const {
        std::stringstream out;

        if(get_expected() != 0) {
            if(typeval_ != "")
                out << " " << typeval_;
            if(defaultval_ != "")
                out << "=" << defaultval_; 
            if(get_expected() > 1)
                out << " x " << get_expected();
            if(get_expected() == -1)
                out << " ...";
        }
        if(envname_ != "")
            out << " (env:" << envname_ << ")";
        if(requires_.size() > 0) {
            out << " Requires:";
            for(const Option* opt : requires_)
                out << " " << opt->get_name();
        }
        if(excludes_.size() > 0) {
            out << " Excludes:";
            for(const Option* opt : excludes_)
                out << " " << opt->get_name();
        }
        return out.str();

    }


    ///@}
    /// @name Parser tools
    ///@{
    
    /// Process the callback
    void run_callback() const {
        if(!callback_(results_))
            throw ConversionError(get_name() + "=" + detail::join(results_));
        if(validators_.size()>0) {
            for(const std::string & result : results_)
                for(const std::function<bool(std::string)> &vali : validators_)
                    if(!vali(result))
                        throw ValidationError(get_name() + "=" + result);
        }
    }

    /// If options share any of the same names, they are equal (not counting positional)
    bool operator== (const Option& other) const {
        for(const std::string &sname : snames_)
            if(other.check_sname(sname))
                return true;
        for(const std::string &lname : lnames_)
            if(other.check_lname(lname))
                return true;
        // We need to do the inverse, just in case we are ignore_case
        for(const std::string &sname : other.snames_)
            if(check_sname(sname))
                return true;
        for(const std::string &lname : other.lnames_)
            if(check_lname(lname))
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    /// Check a name. Requires "-" or "--" for short / long, supports positional name
    bool check_name(std::string name) const {

        if(name.length()>2 && name.substr(0,2) == "--")
            return check_lname(name.substr(2));
        else if (name.length()>1 && name.substr(0,1) == "-")
            return check_sname(name.substr(1));
        else {
            std::string local_pname = pname_;
            if(ignore_case_) {
                local_pname = detail::to_lower(local_pname);
                name = detail::to_lower(name);
            }
            return name == local_pname;
        }
    }

    /// Requires "-" to be removed from string
    bool check_sname(std::string name) const {
        if(ignore_case_) {
            name = detail::to_lower(name);
            return std::find_if(std::begin(snames_), std::end(snames_), 
                        [&name](std::string local_sname){return detail::to_lower(local_sname) == name;})
                != std::end(snames_);
        } else
            return std::find(std::begin(snames_), std::end(snames_), name) != std::end(snames_);
    }

    /// Requires "--" to be removed from string
    bool check_lname(std::string name) const {
         if(ignore_case_) {
             name = detail::to_lower(name);
            return std::find_if(std::begin(lnames_), std::end(lnames_), 
                        [&name](std::string local_sname){return detail::to_lower(local_sname) == name;})
                != std::end(lnames_);
        } else
            return std::find(std::begin(lnames_), std::end(lnames_), name) != std::end(lnames_);
    }


    /// Puts a result at position r
    void add_result(std::string s) {
        results_.push_back(s);
        callback_run_ = false;
    }


    /// Get a copy of the results
    std::vector<std::string> results() const {
        return results_;
    }

    /// See if the callback has been run already
    bool get_callback_run() const {
        return callback_run_;
    }

    ///@}
    /// @name Custom options
    ///@{

    /// Set a custom option, typestring, expected, and changeable
    void set_custom_option(std::string typeval, int expected=1, bool changeable = false) {
        typeval_ = typeval;
        expected_ = expected;
        changeable_ = changeable;
    }

    /// Set the default value string representation
    void set_default_val(std::string val) {
        defaultval_ = val;
    }

    ///@}


    protected:


    /// @name App Helpers
    ///@{
    /// Can print positional name detailed option if true
    bool _has_help_positional() const {
        return get_positional() && (has_description() || requires_.size()>0 || excludes_.size()>0 );
    }
    ///@}
};



}