diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_adaptive.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_adaptive.hpp
index 3cd6d3c4..c22a3a06 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_adaptive.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_adaptive.hpp
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ namespace odeint {
 namespace detail {
 
 // forward declaration
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time end_time , Time dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker , stepper_tag );
+        Observer observer , stepper_tag );
 
 /*
  * integrate_adaptive for simple stepper is basically an integrate_const + some last step
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ size_t integrate_adaptive(
 )
 {
     size_t steps = detail::integrate_const( stepper , system , start_state , start_time ,
-                                            end_time , dt , observer , null_checker() , stepper_tag() );
+                                            end_time , dt , observer , stepper_tag() );
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type &st = stepper;
 
@@ -76,18 +76,17 @@ size_t integrate_adaptive(
 
 
 /*
- * small helper function that calls a given checker - this is for use in integrate_const for ControlledStepper
+ * integrate adaptive for controlled stepper
  */
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
-size_t integrate_adaptive_checked(
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
+size_t integrate_adaptive(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time &start_time , Time end_time , Time &dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker
+        Observer observer , controlled_stepper_tag
 )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type &st = stepper;
-    typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type &chk = checker;
 
     failed_step_checker fail_checker;  // to throw a runtime_error if step size adjustment fails
     size_t count = 0;
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ size_t integrate_adaptive_checked(
         do
         {
             res = st.try_step( system , start_state , start_time , dt );
-            chk();  // check number of steps
             fail_checker();  // check number of failed steps
         }
         while( res == fail );
@@ -116,23 +114,6 @@ size_t integrate_adaptive_checked(
 }
 
 
-/*
-* classical integrate adaptive
-*/
-
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
-size_t integrate_adaptive(
-        Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
-        Time &start_time , Time end_time , Time &dt ,
-        Observer observer , controlled_stepper_tag
-)
-{
-    // call the checked version with a null_checker
-    return integrate_adaptive_checked(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time,
-                                      dt, observer, null_checker());
-}
-
-
 /*
  * integrate adaptive for dense output steppers
  *
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_const.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_const.hpp
index 044c4f34..ee1142dd 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_const.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_const.hpp
@@ -31,19 +31,19 @@ namespace odeint {
 namespace detail {
 
 // forward declaration
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
-size_t integrate_adaptive_checked(
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
+size_t integrate_adaptive(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time &start_time , Time end_time , Time &dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker
+        Observer observer , controlled_stepper_tag
 );
 
 
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time end_time , Time dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker /* checker */ , stepper_tag
+        Observer observer , stepper_tag
 )
 {
 
@@ -72,15 +72,14 @@ size_t integrate_const(
 
 
 
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time end_time , Time dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker , controlled_stepper_tag
+        Observer observer , controlled_stepper_tag
 )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
-    typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type &chk = checker;
 
     Time time = start_time;
     const Time time_step = dt;
@@ -90,11 +89,10 @@ size_t integrate_const(
     while( less_eq_with_sign( static_cast<Time>(time+time_step) , end_time , dt ) )
     {
         obs( start_state , time );
-        chk.reset();  // reset after each observation
         // integrate_adaptive_checked uses the given checker to throw if an overflow occurs
-        real_steps += detail::integrate_adaptive_checked(stepper, system, start_state, time,
-                                                         static_cast<Time>(time + time_step), dt,
-                                                         null_observer(), checker);
+        real_steps += detail::integrate_adaptive(stepper, system, start_state, time,
+                                                 static_cast<Time>(time + time_step), dt,
+                                                 null_observer(), controlled_stepper_tag());
         // direct computation of the time avoids error propagation happening when using time += dt
         // we need clumsy type analysis to get boost units working here
         step++;
@@ -106,16 +104,15 @@ size_t integrate_const(
 }
 
 
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time end_time , Time dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker , dense_output_stepper_tag
+        Observer observer , dense_output_stepper_tag
 )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type &st = stepper;
-    typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type &chk = checker;
 
     Time time = start_time;
     
@@ -132,7 +129,6 @@ size_t integrate_const(
         {
             st.calc_state( time , start_state );
             obs( start_state , time );
-            chk.reset();  // reset checker at observation points
             ++obs_step;
             // direct computation of the time avoids error propagation happening when using time += dt
             // we need clumsy type analysis to get boost units working here
@@ -146,7 +142,6 @@ size_t integrate_const(
             while( less_eq_with_sign( st.current_time() , time , dt ) )
             {
                 st.do_step( system );
-                chk();
                 ++real_step;
             }
         }
@@ -154,7 +149,6 @@ size_t integrate_const(
         { // do the last step ending exactly on the end point
             st.initialize( st.current_state() , st.current_time() , end_time - st.current_time() );
             st.do_step( system );
-            chk();
             ++real_step;
         }
         
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_n_steps.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_n_steps.hpp
index 8270bf04..2ef490d5 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_n_steps.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_n_steps.hpp
@@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ namespace odeint {
 namespace detail {
 
 // forward declaration
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 size_t integrate_adaptive_checked(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time &start_time , Time end_time , Time &dt ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker
+        Observer observer, controlled_stepper_tag
 );
 
 
 /* basic version */
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer>
 Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker /* checker */ , stepper_tag )
+        Observer observer , stepper_tag )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type &st = stepper;
@@ -66,14 +66,13 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
 
 
 /* controlled version */
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker , controlled_stepper_tag )
+        Observer observer , controlled_stepper_tag )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
-    typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type &chk = checker;
 
     Time time = start_time;
     Time time_step = dt;
@@ -81,10 +80,9 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
     for( size_t step = 0; step < num_of_steps ; ++step )
     {
         obs( start_state , time );
-        chk.reset();  // reset after each observation
         // integrate_adaptive_checked uses the given checker to throw if an overflow occurs
-        detail::integrate_adaptive_checked(stepper, system, start_state, time, static_cast<Time>(time + time_step), dt,
-                                           null_observer(), checker);
+        detail::integrate_adaptive(stepper, system, start_state, time, static_cast<Time>(time + time_step), dt,
+                                   null_observer(), controlled_stepper_tag());
         // direct computation of the time avoids error propagation happening when using time += dt
         // we need clumsy type analysis to get boost units working here
         time = start_time + static_cast< typename unit_value_type<Time>::type >(step+1) * time_step;
@@ -96,15 +94,14 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
 
 
 /* dense output version */
-template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer , class StepOverflowChecker >
+template< class Stepper , class System , class State , class Time , class Observer >
 Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps ,
-        Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker , dense_output_stepper_tag )
+        Observer observer , dense_output_stepper_tag )
 {
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type &obs = observer;
     typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type &st = stepper;
-    typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type &chk = checker;
 
     Time time = start_time;
     const Time end_time = start_time + static_cast< typename unit_value_type<Time>::type >(num_of_steps) * dt;
@@ -119,7 +116,6 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         {
             st.calc_state( time , start_state );
             obs( start_state , time );
-            chk.reset();  // reset checker after every observer call
             ++step;
             // direct computation of the time avoids error propagation happening when using time += dt
             // we need clumsy type analysis to get boost units working here
@@ -132,13 +128,11 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
                             st.current_time_step() ) )
         {
             st.do_step( system );
-            chk();  // potential check for too much work exception
         }
         else if( less_with_sign( st.current_time() , end_time , st.current_time_step() ) )
         { // do the last step ending exactly on the end point
             st.initialize( st.current_state() , st.current_time() , static_cast<Time>(end_time - st.current_time()) );
             st.do_step( system );
-            chk();
         }
     }
 
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
                             st.current_time_step() ) )
             st.initialize( st.current_state() , st.current_time() , static_cast<Time>(end_time - st.current_time()) );
         st.do_step( system );
-        chk();
     }
 
     // observation at final point
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_times.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_times.hpp
index 9823597f..2e279904 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_times.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_times.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/stepper/controlled_step_result.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/util/detail/less_with_sign.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/max_step_checker.hpp>
-#include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/check_adapter.hpp>
 
 
 namespace boost {
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_const.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_const.hpp
index adba2915..41914a9c 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_const.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_const.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/stepper/stepper_categories.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/null_observer.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/null_checker.hpp>
+#include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/check_adapter.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_const.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_adaptive.hpp>
 
@@ -51,9 +52,16 @@ size_t integrate_const(
                 observer, stepper_category());
     }
     else {
-        return detail::integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state,
+        // unwrap references
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type stepper_type;
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type observer_type;
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type checker_type;
+
+        return detail::integrate_const(checked_stepper<stepper_type, checker_type>(stepper, checker),
+                                       system, start_state,
                                        start_time, end_time, dt,
-                                       observer, checker, stepper_category());
+                                       checked_observer<observer_type, checker_type>(observer, checker),
+                                       stepper_category());
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ size_t integrate_const(
 ) {
     typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference<Stepper>::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
     // we want to get as fast as possible to the end
-    // ToDo: forward checker to this call
+
     if (boost::is_same<null_observer, Observer>::value) {
         return detail::integrate_adaptive(
                 stepper, system, start_state,
@@ -77,9 +85,15 @@ size_t integrate_const(
                 observer, stepper_category());
     }
     else {
-        return detail::integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state,
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type stepper_type;
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type observer_type;
+        typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type checker_type;
+
+        return detail::integrate_const(checked_stepper<stepper_type, checker_type>(stepper, checker),
+                                       system, start_state,
                                        start_time, end_time, dt,
-                                       observer, checker, stepper_category());
+                                       checked_observer<observer_type, checker_type>(observer, checker),
+                                       stepper_category());
     }
 }
 
@@ -90,10 +104,11 @@ size_t integrate_const(
 template<class Stepper, class System, class State, class Time, class Observer>
 size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper, System system, State &start_state,
-        Time start_time, Time end_time, Time dt, Observer observer
-) {
-    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, observer,
-                           null_checker());
+        Time start_time, Time end_time, Time dt, Observer observer)
+{
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference<Stepper>::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+    return detail::integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state,
+                                   start_time, end_time, dt, observer, stepper_category());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -105,8 +120,9 @@ size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper, System system, const State &start_state,
         Time start_time, Time end_time, Time dt, Observer observer
 ) {
-    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, observer,
-                           null_checker());
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference<Stepper>::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+    return detail::integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state,
+                                   start_time, end_time, dt, observer, stepper_category());
 }
 
 
@@ -118,8 +134,7 @@ size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper, System system, State &start_state,
         Time start_time, Time end_time, Time dt
 ) {
-    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, null_observer(),
-                           null_checker());
+    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, null_observer());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -131,8 +146,7 @@ size_t integrate_const(
         Stepper stepper, System system, const State &start_state,
         Time start_time, Time end_time, Time dt
 ) {
-    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, null_observer(),
-                           null_checker());
+    return integrate_const(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, end_time, dt, null_observer());
 }
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_n_steps.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_n_steps.hpp
index 12a3b9a2..42e1cdd1 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_n_steps.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_n_steps.hpp
@@ -41,11 +41,18 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps ,
         Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker )
 {
-    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+    // unwrap references
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type stepper_type;
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type observer_type;
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type checker_type;
+    typedef typename stepper_type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+
     return detail::integrate_n_steps(
-                stepper , system , start_state ,
+                checked_stepper<stepper_type, checker_type>(stepper, checker),
+                system , start_state ,
                 start_time , dt , num_of_steps ,
-                observer , checker , stepper_category() );
+                checked_observer<observer_type, checker_type>(observer, checker),
+                stepper_category() );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -57,11 +64,17 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps ,
         Observer observer , StepOverflowChecker checker )
 {
-    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Stepper >::type stepper_type;
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< Observer >::type observer_type;
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference< StepOverflowChecker >::type checker_type;
+    typedef typename stepper_type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+
     return detail::integrate_n_steps(
-                 stepper , system , start_state ,
-                 start_time , dt , num_of_steps ,
-                 observer , checker , stepper_category() );
+            checked_stepper<stepper_type, checker_type>(stepper, checker),
+            system , start_state ,
+            start_time , dt , num_of_steps ,
+            checked_observer<observer_type, checker_type>(observer, checker),
+            stepper_category() );
 }
 
 
@@ -73,7 +86,12 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps , Observer observer )
 {
-    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, dt, num_of_steps, observer, null_checker());
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference<Stepper>::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+
+    return detail::integrate_n_steps(
+            stepper , system , start_state ,
+            start_time , dt , num_of_steps ,
+            observer , stepper_category() );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -84,7 +102,12 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , const State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps , Observer observer )
 {
-    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, dt, num_of_steps, observer, null_checker());
+    typedef typename odeint::unwrap_reference<Stepper>::type::stepper_category stepper_category;
+
+    return detail::integrate_n_steps(
+            stepper , system , start_state ,
+            start_time , dt , num_of_steps ,
+            observer , stepper_category() );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -95,8 +118,8 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps )
 {
-    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, dt, num_of_steps, null_observer(),
-                             null_checker());
+    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time,
+                             dt, num_of_steps, null_observer());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -107,8 +130,8 @@ Time integrate_n_steps(
         Stepper stepper , System system , const State &start_state ,
         Time start_time , Time dt , size_t num_of_steps )
 {
-    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time, dt, num_of_steps, null_observer(),
-                             null_checker());
+    return integrate_n_steps(stepper, system, start_state, start_time,
+                             dt, num_of_steps, null_observer());
 }
 
 
diff --git a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_times.hpp b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_times.hpp
index e2a15eba..99e16b48 100644
--- a/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_times.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/integrate_times.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/stepper/stepper_categories.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/null_observer.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/null_checker.hpp>
+#include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/check_adapter.hpp>
 #include <boost/numeric/odeint/integrate/detail/integrate_times.hpp>
 
 namespace boost {
diff --git a/test/integrate_overflow.cpp b/test/integrate_overflow.cpp
index f7e784e3..7a6c2270 100644
--- a/test/integrate_overflow.cpp
+++ b/test/integrate_overflow.cpp
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ struct push_back_time
 };
 
 typedef runge_kutta_dopri5<state_type> stepper_type;
+typedef runge_kutta_cash_karp54<state_type> cash_karp_type;
 
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE( integrate_overflow )
@@ -173,6 +174,19 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_integrate_times )
                                       t0, t1, 1.0 , push_back_time(times), max_step_checker(10)),
                       std::runtime_error);
 
+    // check cash karp controlled stepper
+    // no exception if no checker is provided
+    integrate_times(make_controlled<cash_karp_type>(1E-5, 1E-5), lorenz, x, t0, t1, 1.0 , push_back_time(times));
+    // very small error terms -> standard overflow threshold of 500 should fire an exception
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(integrate_times(make_controlled<cash_karp_type>(1E-15, 1E-15), lorenz, x,
+                      t0, t1, 1.0 , push_back_time(times), max_step_checker()),
+    std::runtime_error);
+
+    // small threshold of 10 -> larger error still gives an exception
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(integrate_times(make_controlled<cash_karp_type>(1E-5, 1E-5), lorenz, x,
+                      t0, t1, 1.0 , push_back_time(times), max_step_checker(10)),
+    std::runtime_error);
+
     // check exceptions for dense output stepper
     integrate_times(make_dense_output<stepper_type>(1E-5, 1E-5), lorenz, x, t0, t1, 1.0 ,
                     push_back_time(times));