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<title>Transform Iterator</title>
<meta name="author" content="David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, Thomas Witt" />
<meta name="organization" content="Boost Consulting, Indiana University Open Systems Lab, University of Hanover Institute for Transport Railway Operation and Construction" />
<meta name="date" content="2004-01-12" />
<meta name="copyright" content="Copyright David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, and Thomas Witt 2003. All rights reserved" />
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<div class="document" id="transform-iterator">
<h1 class="title">Transform Iterator</h1>
<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="docinfo-name" />
<col class="docinfo-content" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Author:</th>
<td>David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, Thomas Witt</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Contact:</th>
<td><a class="first reference" href="mailto:dave&#64;boost-consulting.com">dave&#64;boost-consulting.com</a>, <a class="reference" href="mailto:jsiek&#64;osl.iu.edu">jsiek&#64;osl.iu.edu</a>, <a class="last reference" href="mailto:witt&#64;ive.uni-hannover.de">witt&#64;ive.uni-hannover.de</a></td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Organization:</th>
<td><a class="first reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com">Boost Consulting</a>, Indiana University <a class="reference" href="http://www.osl.iu.edu">Open Systems
Lab</a>, University of Hanover <a class="last reference" href="http://www.ive.uni-hannover.de">Institute for Transport
Railway Operation and Construction</a></td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Date:</th>
<td>2004-01-12</td></tr>
<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Copyright:</th>
<td>Copyright David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, and Thomas Witt 2003. All rights reserved</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">abstract:</th><td class="field-body"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The transform iterator adapts an iterator by applying some function
object to the result of dereferencing the iterator. In other words,
the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">operator*</span></tt> of the transform iterator first dereferences the
base iterator, passes the result of this to the function object, and
then returns the result.</p>
<div class="contents topic" id="table-of-contents">
<p class="topic-title"><a name="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="#transform-iterator-requirements" id="id1" name="id1"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#transform-iterator-models" id="id2" name="id2"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> models</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#transform-iterator-operations" id="id3" name="id3"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#example" id="id4" name="id4">Example</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- Version 1.3 of this document was accepted for TR1 -->
<pre class="literal-block">
template &lt;class UnaryFunction,
class Iterator,
class Reference = use_default,
class Value = use_default&gt;
class transform_iterator
{
public:
transform_iterator();
transform_iterator(Iterator const&amp; x, UnaryFunction f);
template&lt;class F2, class I2, class R2, class V2&gt;
transform_iterator(
transform_iterator&lt;F2, I2, R2, V2&gt; const&amp; t
, typename enable_if_convertible&lt;I2, Iterator&gt;::type* = 0 // exposition
, typename enable_if_convertible&lt;F2, UnaryFunction&gt;::type* = 0 // exposition
);
reference operator*() const;
transform_iterator&amp; operator++();
Iterator base() const;
UnaryFunction functor() const;
private:
Iterator m_iterator; // exposition
UnaryFunction m_f; // exposition
};
</pre>
<div class="section" id="transform-iterator-requirements">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1" name="transform-iterator-requirements"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></h1>
<p>The type <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">UnaryFunction</span></tt> must be Assignable, Copy Constructible, and
the expression <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f(*i)</span></tt> must be valid where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f</span></tt> is an object of
type <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">UnaryFunction</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">i</span></tt> is an object of type <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>, and
where the type of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f(*i)</span></tt> must be
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">result_of&lt;UnaryFunction(iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::reference)&gt;::type</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The type <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> must at least model Readable Iterator.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="transform-iterator-models">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" name="transform-iterator-models"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> models</a></h1>
<p>The resulting <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> models the most refined of the
following options that is also modeled by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Writable Lvalue Iterator if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">result_of&lt;UnaryFunction(iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::reference)&gt;::type</span></tt> is a non-const reference.</li>
<li>Readable Lvalue Iterator if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">result_of&lt;UnaryFunction(iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::reference)&gt;::type</span></tt> is a const
reference.</li>
<li>Readable Iterator otherwise.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> models the most refined standard traversal
concept that is modeled by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt> type of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> is
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">result_of&lt;UnaryFunction(iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::reference)&gt;::type</span></tt>.
The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> is <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">remove_cv&lt;remove_reference&lt;reference&gt;</span> <span class="pre">&gt;::type</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="transform-iterator-operations">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" name="transform-iterator-operations"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></h1>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator();</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f</span></tt>
and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> default constructed.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator(Iterator</span> <span class="pre">const&amp;</span> <span class="pre">x,</span> <span class="pre">UnaryFunction</span> <span class="pre">f);</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f</span></tt>
initialized to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> initialized to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<pre class="literal-block">
template&lt;class OtherIterator, class R2, class V2&gt;
transform_iterator(
transform_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction, OtherIterator, R2, V2&gt; const&amp; t
, typename enable_if_convertible&lt;OtherIterator, Iterator&gt;::type* = 0 // exposition
);
</pre>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator</span></tt> that is a copy of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">t</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Requires:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">OtherIterator</span></tt> is implicitly convertible to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span> <span class="pre">base()</span> <span class="pre">const;</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">UnaryFunction</span> <span class="pre">functor()</span> <span class="pre">const;</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f</span></tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span> <span class="pre">operator*()</span> <span class="pre">const;</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f(*m_iterator)</span></tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator&amp;</span> <span class="pre">operator++();</span></tt></p>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">++m_iterator</span></tt></td>
</tr>
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">*this</span></tt></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<pre class="literal-block">
template &lt;class UnaryFunction, class Iterator&gt;
transform_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction, Iterator&gt;
make_transform_iterator(Iterator it, UnaryFunction fun);
</pre>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction,</span> <span class="pre">Iterator&gt;</span></tt> with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f</span></tt>
initialized to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> initialized to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<pre class="literal-block">
template &lt;class UnaryFunction, class Iterator&gt;
transform_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction, Iterator&gt;
make_transform_iterator(Iterator it);
</pre>
<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction,</span> <span class="pre">Iterator&gt;</span></tt> with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_f</span></tt>
default constructed and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> initialized to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" name="example">Example</a></h1>
<p>This is a simple example of using the transform_iterators class to
generate iterators that multiply (or add to) the value returned by
dereferencing the iterator. It would be cooler to use lambda library
in this example.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
const int N = sizeof(x)/sizeof(int);
typedef boost::binder1st&lt; std::multiplies&lt;int&gt; &gt; Function;
typedef boost::transform_iterator&lt;Function, int*&gt; doubling_iterator;
doubling_iterator i(x, boost::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2)),
i_end(x + N, boost::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2));
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;multiplying the array by 2:&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
while (i != i_end)
std::cout &lt;&lt; *i++ &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot;;
std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;adding 4 to each element in the array:&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
std::copy(boost::make_transform_iterator(x, boost::bind1st(std::plus&lt;int&gt;(), 4)),
boost::make_transform_iterator(x + N, boost::bind1st(std::plus&lt;int&gt;(), 4)),
std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, &quot; &quot;));
std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</pre>
<p>The output is:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
multiplying the array by 2:
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
adding 4 to each element in the array:
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
</pre>
</div>
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